J Med Cases
Journal of Medical Cases, ISSN 1923-4155 print, 1923-4163 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Med Cases and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.journalmc.org

Case Report

Volume 5, Number 11, November 2014, pages 610-612


Cooccurrence of Multilocular Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma and High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma in Bladder

Seyma Ozkanlia, b, Elvan Atsatan Turfandaa, Tulay Zenginkineta, Abdullah Aydina

aDepartment of Pathology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
bCorresponding Author: Seyma Ozkanli, Department of Pathology, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey

Manuscript accepted for publication October 13, 2014
Short title: Multilocular Renal and Urothelial Carcinoma
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc1801w

Abstract▴Top 

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) is a rare subtype of RCC. As we know, there are not any cases with the cooccurrence of MCRCC and urothelial carcinoma in the literature. Here, we report a case of a 57-year-old man who was diagnosed with gross hematuria and dysuria. To our knowledge, this case report is the first one that analyzes these two tumors together.

Keywords: Urinary and genital tract disorders; Renal system; Carcinoma; Bladder

Introduction▴Top 

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) is a rare subtype of RCC. There are not any cases with the cooccurrence of MCRCC and urothelial carcinoma in the English-written literature. Here, we present a case of a 57-year-old man diagnosed with gross hematuria and dysuria. To our knowledge, this case report is the first one that focuses on these two tumor types together.

Case Report▴Top 

A 57-year-old male patient with a history of 2 years of diabetes mellitus (DM), and 80-pack-year history of cigarette smoking applied to our clinic with gross hematuria, dysuria, and urgency. The patient had normal blood pressure and was febrile. While urinalysis was negative for nitrite and leukocyte esterase, it was 2+ for protein and 3+ for blood, and there were 3 - 6 leucocytes and too many erythrocytes to count per area in magnification. Urinary culture was sterile. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a 5 × 3 × 3 cm multilocular cystic lesion in the right kidney’s upper pole that looked hyperintense in T1 images (Fig. 1). On the right anterolateral wall of the bladder, there was an increase in wall thickness that reached into the bladder and was 25 × 19 × 35 mm in size (Fig. 2). Concurrent laparoscopic right-partial nephrectomy and transurethral resection (TUR) were performed on the patient.

Figure 1. Figure 1. On axial fatty print T2A images, an exophytic placed cystic mass with a lobulated contour, and containing thick irregular septations and is 53 × 22 mm on its widest part.

Figure 2. Figure 2. On axial fatty print T2A images, on the 2 cm thick bladder wall, a tumoral increase in wall thickness that is 1.5 cm on its thickest part.

Partial nephrectomy

Partial nephrectomy material, which was 5 × 3 × 2 cm in size, capsular and nodular in appearance, had a fatty tissue. Incision revealed many cysts that were 0.4 - 1 cm in size and that deposited hemorrhagic fluid. The lesion that the cysts formed was capsular and had regular borders (Fig. 3). Histopathological analysis revealed a tumor consisting of cells with clear cytoplasm and small hyperchromatic nucleuses, which paved the septas, and forming small papillary structures at some places and increasing ingradation in others (Fig. 4, 5).

Figure 3. Figure 3. Many cystic formations that are 0.4 - 1 cm in size in the partial nephrectomy material.

Figure 4. Figure 4. Multicystic appearance (H&E, × 4).

Figure 5. Figure 5. Small papillary formations formed by tumor cells with clear cytoplasm (H&E, × 20).

Bladder TUR specimen

TUR material (4 cc) was analyzed. Microscopic examination showed high-grade urothelial carcinoma which invaded the bladder wall and that had cells with pleomorphic, large atypical nucleuses and eosinophilic cytoplasm, and that had a high number of mitosis. The tumor had infiltrated muscle tissue. High-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma was regarded as pT2 (Fig. 6). The patient is still alive and he is followed up semi-annually.

Figure 6. Figure 6. High-grade urothelial carcinoma consisting of cells with pleomorphic, large, atypical nucleus and eosinophilic cytoplasm and that has a high number of mitosis (H&E, × 40).
Discussion▴Top 

The widely accepted definition of multiple primary malignancies was made by Warren and Gates [1]. According to this, each tumor should meet definitive malignancy criteria, one should be different from the other and it must be proved that one is not the metastasis of the other [1, 2]. When assessed according to these criteria, our case was categorized as a urinary system cancer with synchrone. Our patient had MCRCC in his kidneys and high-grade urothelial carcinoma in his bladder. For every malignancy, there were several known predisposing factors. A cancer patient, depending on carcinogenic exposure such as tobacco and alcohol usage, genetic factors, side effects due to chemo-radiotherapy, carries a higher risk for other malignancies [3]. For our patient, the prominent one was tobacco usage. In addition, developments in diagnostic tools and increase in their use, and scanning other parts when one lesion was spotted had increased the percentage of identified cases with multiple tumors [2]. Two different tumors occurring on a patient simultaneously worsen the prognosis. The prognosis of a patient with dual malignancy depends on the more aggressive one of these tumors [4, 5]. In such a case, the tumors’ biological patterns, stages and the patient’s concomitant diseases are all important factors affecting the treatment strategy [3]. Amongst urinary system tumors, the one with the highest rate of cooccurrence with a second malignancy is primary renal cell carcinoma (17%) [2]. A study shows that the second malignancies occurring in patients with primary RCC are for men prostate, bladder, colon, and rectum Ca, and for women breast, bladder and gynecological tumors [2]. Our case was diagnosed with MCRCC and high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. RCC constitutes 3% of all adult tumors. MCRCC is a rare subtype of RCC and its prognosis is good. In the literature, its incidence is quiet low amongst other renal tumors. Robinson first diagnosed it in 1957. The diagnostic criteria for MCRCC first defined by Eble and Bonsib in 1998 were as such: 1) There must be an expansile mass surrounded by a fibrous capsule. 2) The interior of the tumor should completely consist of cysts and septas. Expansile nodule or solid component should be smaller than 10% of the tumor. 3) Septas should contain clear cell groups [6, 7]. Although most RCCs originate from proximal tubules, a detailed immunohistochemical study performed by Imura et al has shown that MCRCC originates from distal tubules [8]. However, MCRCC’s pathology still has not been completely illuminated [9]. In our case, as well, we observed that the tumor was surrounded by a fibrous capsule, and that it consisted of cysts that were divided by septas containing clear cell groups, and that the solid component was 2%. According to these findings, the diagnosis was MCRCC, and the stage was assessed as pT1. Urothelial carcinomas constitute 3.2% of all adult tumors. The stage and grade of the tumor are factors that affect prognosis. Depth of invasion is the most important factor that affects prognosis. For high graded tumors with muscle invasion, reoccurrence rate is 80%, progression rate is 60%, and 10-year survival rate is 35% [10]. TUR BT material taken from our patient had a high-grade urothelial carcinoma that infiltrated muscle tissue. Although there are reports of synchronized kidney and bladder tumor cooccurrence in the literature, high-grade tumor of the bladder co-occurring with MCRCC, which is quiet rare as it is, has never been reported. Our case is the first one reporting these two tumors’ cooccurrence.

Conflict of Interest

We declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article and that we do not have a direct financial or personal relation with any people or organizations.


References▴Top 
  1. Warren S, Gates O. Multiple primary malignant tumours: A survey of the literature and a statistical study. Am J Cancer. 1932;16:1358-1414.
  2. Antonelli A, Calza S, Arrighi N, Zani D, Corti S, Cozzoli A, Zanotelli T, et al. Clinical features and prognosis of patients with renal cancer and a second malignancy. Urol Oncol. 2012;30(3):294-300.
    doi pubmed
  3. Tiwari P, Tripathi A, Bansal P, Vijay M, Gupta A, Kundu AK. Synchronous primary cancers of urinary bladder and kidney and prostate. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2012;23(4):786-789.
    doi pubmed
  4. Dutta G, Silver D, Oliff A, Harrison A. Synchronous renal malignancy presenting as recurrent urinary tract infections. Case Rep Urol. 2011;2011:832673.
  5. Leveridge M, Isotalo PA, Boag AH, Kawakami J. Synchronous ipsilateral renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis. Can Urol Assoc J. 2009;3(1):64-66.
    pubmed
  6. Singhai A, Babu S, Verma N, Singh V. Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma: a rare entity. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;2013.
  7. Eble JN, Bonsib SM. Extensively cystic renal neoplasms: cystic nephroma, cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma, multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma, and cystic hamartoma of renal pelvis. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1998;15(1):2-20.
    pubmed
  8. Imura J, Ichikawa K, Takeda J, Tomita S, Yamamoto H, Nakazono M, Takimoto T, et al. Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological, immuno- and lectin histochemical study of nine cases. APMIS. 2004;112(3):183-191.
    doi pubmed
  9. Cheong MS, Koo DH, Kim IS, Moon KC, Ku JH. Concurrent Multilocular Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma and Leiomyoma in the Same Kidney: Previously Unreported Association. Case Rep Oncol. 2010;3(2):218-222.
    doi pubmed
  10. WHO pathology and genetics tumors of the urinary system and male genital organs 2004.


This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Journal of Medical Cases is published by Elmer Press Inc.

 

Browse  Journals  

 

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics

 

World Journal of Oncology

Gastroenterology Research

Journal of Hematology

 

Journal of Medical Cases

Journal of Current Surgery

Clinical Infection and Immunity

 

Cardiology Research

World Journal of Nephrology and Urology

Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research

 

Journal of Neurology Research

International Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

 

 
       
 

Journal of Medical Cases, monthly, ISSN 1923-4155 (print), 1923-4163 (online), published by Elmer Press Inc.                     
The content of this site is intended for health care professionals.
This is an open-access journal distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted
non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Creative Commons Attribution license (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International CC-BY-NC 4.0)


This journal follows the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommendations for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals,
the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines, and the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing.

website: www.journalmc.org   editorial contact: editor@journalmc.org    elmer.editorial@hotmail.com
Address: 9225 Leslie Street, Suite 201, Richmond Hill, Ontario, L4B 3H6, Canada

© Elmer Press Inc. All Rights Reserved.


Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in the published articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the editors and Elmer Press Inc. This website is provided for medical research and informational purposes only and does not constitute any medical advice or professional services. The information provided in this journal should not be used for diagnosis and treatment, those seeking medical advice should always consult with a licensed physician.